Sea Ice Habitats

Data Availability/Quality by Thematic Group
Pelagic/Plankton


Nikita Platonov

A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow


PAMPAN Workshop III
Copenhagen, 30 January 2019
(pdf version)

Sea ice characteristics

Sea ice characteristics

  • Landfast ice occurrence

  • Polynya occurrence

  • Distribution of old (multi-year) ice

  • Probability of marginal ice zone

  • Sea ice edge position

– and technique of processing were proposed during Workshop II in Oslo:

Data preparation

Data preparation

Processing steps

  • Individual Data Layers

  • Conservation Features

  • Regionalization

Processing steps

  • Individual Data Layers (IDL)

    Generalized data set for producing CF
    • Usually time-series of data
    • One IDL is used to produce CF
    • Multiple IDLs are used to produce CF

  • Conservation Features (CF)

    Requirements to data for using in MPA planning, to be:
    • Persistent
    • Actual

  • Regionalization

    Applied to CF only

Metadata (Individual Data Layers)

Individual Data Layer Used for CF? year season Data origin
Landfast ice occurrence Yes 2009 - 2018 01 Nov - 31 Jul Ice charts
Polynya occurrence Yes 2009 - 2018 01 Mar - 31 May Ice charts
Distribution of old (multi-year) ice Yes 1979 - 2018 September Passive microwave
Distribution of old (multi-year) ice Yes 2009 - 2018 01 Mar - 31 May Ice charts
Distribution of old (multi-year) ice No 1989 - 2006 Mar, Jun, Dec Belchansky et al. (2005)
Probability of marginal ice zone Yes 1979 - 2017 01 Jul - 30 Sep Passive microwave (Strong and Rigor, 2013)
Sea ice edge position and proximity No 1979 - 2017 Monthly Passive microwave

Metadata (Conservation Features)

 

Conservation Feature Season Regionalization
Landfast ice occurrence 01 Nov - 31 Jul Shore clustering
Polynya occurrence 01 Mar - 31 May Shore clustering
Distribution of old (multi-year) ice Summer minimum (September) LME (PAME-led Group, 2013)
Distribution of old (multi-year) ice 01 Mar - 31 May LME (PAME-led Group, 2013)
Probability of marginal ice zone 01 Jul - 30 Sep LME (PAME-led Group, 2013)

Data Source

  • Ice charts

    IDL, CF Attribute Value(s)
    Landfast ice occurrence FA/FB/FC 08
    Polynya occurrence SA/SB/SC 82, 83, 84, 85, 86
    Spring distribution of old (multi-year) ice SA/SB/SC 95
    Probability of marginal ice zone (alternate) CT 18

  • Passive microwave satellite data: SMMR - SSM/I - SSMIS (since Nov 1978), 25 km grid,
                not AMSR-E - AMSR2 (since Jul 2002 with gap during Oct 2011 - Jul 2012), 6.25/12.5 km grid

    IDL, CF
    Probability of marginal ice zone
    Distribution of old (multi-year) ice in September
    Sea ice edge position and proximity

Ice charts processing

Ice charts processing

AARI spatial coverage

Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute weekly ice chars (AARI, 2018)

CIS spatial coverage

Canadian ice service weekly ice charts (CIS, 2009)

Spatial join

  • Reverse ordered weights for SIGRID-3 FA/FB/FC or SA/SB/SC attributes

  • Equal weights for 3 out of 5 CIS “Western Arctic”, “Eastern Arctic” and “Hudson Bay” regions

  • Individual weights for joined CIS region and AARI region

Spatial join

Example for landfast ice for 2016

Example for landfast ice for 2016

Custom regionalization

Custom regionalization

Proposed region

Landfast ice and polynya occurrences

Landfast ice and polynya occurrences

Proposed region

Proposed region over shored ice habitats

Proposed region over shored ice habitats

Separate regions

Canadian Archipelago

Canadian Archipelago

Separate regions

Beaufort Sea

Beaufort Sea

Separate regions

Franz Josef Land

Franz Josef Land

Separate regions

Severnaya Zemlya

Severnaya Zemlya

Separate regions

Hudson Bay

Hudson Bay

Separate regions

Siberian Shelf

Siberian Shelf

Separate regions

White Sea

White Sea

Separate regions

Yamal

Yamal

Separate regions

Svalbard

Svalbard

Separate regions

Baffin Bay

Baffin Bay

Separate regions

Greenland

Greenland

Separate regions

West Taimyr

West Taimyr

Separate regions

Davis Strait

Davis Strait

Separate regions

Chukchi Sea

Chukchi Sea

Separate regions

East Taimyr

East Taimyr

Separate regions

Pechora Sea

Pechora Sea

Separate regions

Kara Sea

Kara Sea

Separate regions

Wrangel Island

Wrangel Island

Separate regions

Novaya Zemlya

Novaya Zemlya

Obstacles

Obstacles

  • Calendar mismatch for communication with thematic group leader

  • Lack of oceanographer

  • Different WKT standards (OGC, ESRI) for projection specification in QGIS and ArcGIS during “ESRI Shapefile” exchange

  • Complicated processing of active microwave data

  • Unknown license/copyright/restriction for AARI ice charts data

  • Formalized questionnaire for experts to request missed sea ice parameters (IDLs) for their CFs

    Parameter Spatial extent Years Season Threshold clarification, etc
    MIZ

Thank you

With acknowledgements to WWF for funds and A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences for appreciation of PAMPAM and other MPA projects.

References

AARI. 2018. Review ice charts of the Arctic Ocean. Center "Sever", Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg. http://www.aari.ru/odata/_d0015.php?lang=1 (accessed 23 November 2018).

Belchansky GI, Douglas DC, Platonov NG. 2005. Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of arctic sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(18) doi:10.1029/2005GL023976.

CIS. 2009. Canadian Ice Service Arctic Regional Sea Ice Charts in SIGRID-3 Format, Version 1. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center: Bouder, Colorado USA. doi:10.7265/N51V5BW9.

PAME-led Group. 2013 (15 May). Large Marine Ecosystems LMEs of the Arctic area - Revision LME map 15th of May 2013. Arctic Council’s Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment Working Group (PAME). URI: https://hdl.handle.net/11374/61. https://www.pame.is/index.php/projects/ecosystem-approach/arctic-large-marine-ecosystems-lme-s (accessed 02 December 2018).

Strong C, Rigor IG. 2013. Arctic marginal ice zone trending wider in summer and narrower in winter. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(18): 4864–4868. doi:10.1002/grl.50928.