Landfast ice occurrence
Polynya occurrence
Distribution of old (multi-year) ice
Probability of marginal ice zone
Sea ice edge position
– and technique of processing were proposed during Workshop II in Oslo:
Individual Data Layers
Conservation Features
Regionalization
Individual Data Layers (IDL)
Generalized data set for producing CFConservation Features (CF)
Requirements to data for using in MPA planning, to be:Regionalization
Applied to CF only
| Individual Data Layer | Used for CF? | year | season | Data origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landfast ice occurrence | Yes | 2009 - 2018 | 01 Nov - 31 Jul | Ice charts |
| Polynya occurrence | Yes | 2009 - 2018 | 01 Mar - 31 May | Ice charts |
| Distribution of old (multi-year) ice | Yes | 1979 - 2018 | September | Passive microwave |
| Distribution of old (multi-year) ice | Yes | 2009 - 2018 | 01 Mar - 31 May | Ice charts |
| Distribution of old (multi-year) ice | No | 1989 - 2006 | Mar, Jun, Dec | Belchansky et al. (2005) |
| Probability of marginal ice zone | Yes | 1979 - 2017 | 01 Jul - 30 Sep | Passive microwave (Strong and Rigor, 2013) |
| Sea ice edge position and proximity | No | 1979 - 2017 | Monthly | Passive microwave |
| Conservation Feature | Season | Regionalization |
|---|---|---|
| Landfast ice occurrence | 01 Nov - 31 Jul | Shore clustering |
| Polynya occurrence | 01 Mar - 31 May | Shore clustering |
| Distribution of old (multi-year) ice | Summer minimum (September) | LME (PAME-led Group, 2013) |
| Distribution of old (multi-year) ice | 01 Mar - 31 May | LME (PAME-led Group, 2013) |
| Probability of marginal ice zone | 01 Jul - 30 Sep | LME (PAME-led Group, 2013) |
Ice charts
| IDL, CF | Attribute | Value(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Landfast ice occurrence | FA/FB/FC | 08 |
| Polynya occurrence | SA/SB/SC | 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 |
| Spring distribution of old (multi-year) ice | SA/SB/SC | 95 |
| Probability of marginal ice zone (alternate) | CT | 18 |
Passive microwave satellite data: SMMR - SSM/I - SSMIS (since Nov 1978), 25 km grid,
not AMSR-E - AMSR2 (since Jul 2002 with gap during Oct 2011 - Jul 2012), 6.25/12.5 km grid
| IDL, CF |
|---|
| Probability of marginal ice zone |
| Distribution of old (multi-year) ice in September |
| Sea ice edge position and proximity |
Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute weekly ice chars (AARI, 2018)
Canadian ice service weekly ice charts (CIS, 2009)
Reverse ordered weights for SIGRID-3 FA/FB/FC or SA/SB/SC attributes
Equal weights for 3 out of 5 CIS “Western Arctic”, “Eastern Arctic” and “Hudson Bay” regions
Individual weights for joined CIS region and AARI region
Example for landfast ice for 2016
Landfast ice and polynya occurrences
Proposed region over shored ice habitats
Canadian Archipelago
Beaufort Sea
Franz Josef Land
Severnaya Zemlya
Hudson Bay
Siberian Shelf
White Sea
Yamal
Svalbard
Baffin Bay
Greenland
West Taimyr
Davis Strait
Chukchi Sea
East Taimyr
Pechora Sea
Kara Sea
Wrangel Island
Novaya Zemlya
Calendar mismatch for communication with thematic group leader
Lack of oceanographer
Different WKT standards (OGC, ESRI) for projection specification in QGIS and ArcGIS during “ESRI Shapefile” exchange
Complicated processing of active microwave data
Unknown license/copyright/restriction for AARI ice charts data
Formalized questionnaire for experts to request missed sea ice parameters (IDLs) for their CFs
| Parameter | Spatial extent | Years | Season | Threshold clarification, etc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIZ |
With acknowledgements to WWF for funds and A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences for appreciation of PAMPAM and other MPA projects.
AARI. 2018. Review ice charts of the Arctic Ocean. Center "Sever", Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg. http://www.aari.ru/odata/_d0015.php?lang=1 (accessed 23 November 2018).
Belchansky GI, Douglas DC, Platonov NG. 2005. Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of arctic sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(18) doi:10.1029/2005GL023976.
CIS. 2009. Canadian Ice Service Arctic Regional Sea Ice Charts in SIGRID-3 Format, Version 1. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center: Bouder, Colorado USA. doi:10.7265/N51V5BW9.
PAME-led Group. 2013 (15 May). Large Marine Ecosystems LMEs of the Arctic area - Revision LME map 15th of May 2013. Arctic Council’s Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment Working Group (PAME). URI: https://hdl.handle.net/11374/61. https://www.pame.is/index.php/projects/ecosystem-approach/arctic-large-marine-ecosystems-lme-s (accessed 02 December 2018).
Strong C, Rigor IG. 2013. Arctic marginal ice zone trending wider in summer and narrower in winter. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(18): 4864–4868. doi:10.1002/grl.50928.